Bo Yao Thesis Final

I Acknowledgments IV List of Figures X List of Tables XIV List of Abbreviations XV Publications Arising from This Work XVIII Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Aims, Significance, Novelty ........................................................................... 6 1.1.1 Aims ......................................................................................................... 6 1.1.2 Significance of this Research ................................................................... 7 1.1.3 Novelty ..................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Research Objective ........................................................................................ 10 1.3 The Structure of the Thesis ........................................................................... 11 1.4 Discussion ..................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2: Overview of the Relevant Techniques and Aspects Employed in the Thesis ...................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Overview on Fuzzy Logic Systems ............................................................... 15 2.1.1 Boolean Logic Methodology ................................................................. 15 2.1.2 Fuzzy Logic Methodology ..................................................................... 17 2.1.3 Fuzzy Sets .............................................................................................. 17 2.1.4 Operations with Fuzzy Sets ................................................................... 21 VI 2.1.5 Linguistic Variables ............................................................................... 24 2.1.6 Type-1 Fuzzy Logic Systems................................................................. 29 2.1.6.1 Fuzzification ....................................................................................... 29 2.1.6.2 Rule Base ............................................................................................ 30 2.1.6.3 Inference Engine ................................................................................. 30 2.1.6.4 Defuzzification .................................................................................... 31 2.1.7 Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems ................................................... 32 2.1.7.1 Type-2 Fuzzy Sets............................................................................... 33 2.1.7.2 Procedures of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems ......................... 38 2.1.7.3 Singleton Fuzzification ....................................................................... 39 2.1.7.4 Rule Base ............................................................................................ 39 2.1.7.5 Inference ............................................................................................. 40 2.1.7.6 Type Reduction ................................................................................... 41 2.1.7.7 Defuzzifier .......................................................................................... 42 2.2 Overview on Optimization Methods for Fuzzy Systems .............................. 42 2.3 Overview on Human Event and Behaviour Detection .................................. 46 2.4 Overview on 3D Human Daily Activity Recognition ................................... 48 2.5 Discussion ..................................................................................................... 51 Chapter 3: A IT2FLS Based Approach for Human Silhouette Extraction in Intelligent Environments ............................................................................................................... 56 3.